[et_pb_section bb_built=”1″ inner_width=”auto” inner_max_width=”none”][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ custom_padding__hover=”|||” custom_padding=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”INTRO ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n
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Se algu\u00e9m pode pensar que a chamada Quarta Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial, em que nos encontramos confusamente, tamb\u00e9m chamada de \u201cInd\u00fastria 4.0\u201d a de 5G, intelig\u00eancia artificial, a Internet qu\u00e2ntica, automa\u00e7\u00e3o etc., n\u00e3o teria sua dose particular de ” Guerra Fria” e confronto, tememos que tenha se enganado. Aqui temos a China e os EUA imersos nesta nova vers\u00e3o da bipolaridade.<\/span><\/p>\n Os EUA enfrentam uma China milenar em sua hist\u00f3ria, mas muito jovem em sua presen\u00e7a no cen\u00e1rio internacional. Al\u00e9m de seu poderio econ\u00f4mico e militar, China e Estados Unidos s\u00e3o os \u00fanicos do planeta que simultaneamente compartilham a disputa pela lideran\u00e7a desta nova era e, da mesma forma, s\u00e3o os \u00fanicos atores em todo o globo com recursos suficientes e capacidade de oferecer bens p\u00fablicos globais e promover projetos de \u00e2mbito planet\u00e1rio.<\/span><\/p>\n Como em qualquer conflito geoestrat\u00e9gico, temos cen\u00e1rios muito espec\u00edficos onde este confronto se manifesta e, sem d\u00favida, a Am\u00e9rica Latina tornou-se, por si s\u00f3, um desses cen\u00e1rios, onde se expressa de forma clara e concreta, a chamada\u00a0 bipolaridade.<\/span><\/p>\n Considerados, desde a \u00e9poca da \u201cdoutrina Monroe\u201d (Am\u00e9rica para os americanos) como sua zona de influ\u00eancia natural, os Estados Unidos v\u00eam contemplando, desde o in\u00edcio deste s\u00e9culo XXI, como seu rival global chin\u00eas vem ocupando espa\u00e7os, \u00e0s vezes conquistados, outros cedidos, na esfera latino-americana, at\u00e9 se tornar um dos protagonistas da Regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n Diante dessa posi\u00e7\u00e3o, o que a Am\u00e9rica Latina deve fazer? Render-se nos bra\u00e7os de uma das duas grandes pot\u00eancias? Oferecer mat\u00e9ria-prima ao maior lance, em troca de moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o da infraestrutura e acesso \u00e0 educa\u00e7\u00e3o e vacinas? \u00c9 hora de aplicar a m\u00e1xima: “Da China, prosperidade, e da Am\u00e9rica, seguran\u00e7a”?<\/span><\/p>\n No entanto, n\u00e3o vamos nos enganar. <\/span>O objetivo destas superpot\u00eancias foi e continua sendo o mesmo, a procura de influ\u00eancia<\/span>, embora antes o caminho habitual fosse pol\u00edtico e ideol\u00f3gico, deslocando-se agora para as \u00e1reas do com\u00e9rcio, finan\u00e7as e pesquisa.<\/span><\/p>\n Apesar da intensa press\u00e3o, das ofertas e dos amplos benef\u00edcios, a Am\u00e9rica Latina n\u00e3o teria que se render a uma das duas pot\u00eancias para alavancar seu desenvolvimento. Diante dessa abordagem manique\u00edsta, surge outra possibilidade, uma \u201cterceira via\u201d, que tem suas ra\u00edzes na pr\u00f3pria hist\u00f3ria da Am\u00e9rica Latina, sua cultura, seus valores: existe a Europa, sempre pronta a apoiar uma regi\u00e3o com a qual compartilha seus princ\u00edpios e com os quais faz parte desse “Ocidente” no modo de vida e nas aspira\u00e7\u00f5es sociais.<\/span><\/p>\n A Europa poderia ser essa alternativa para a Am\u00e9rica Latina neste cen\u00e1rio bipolar?<\/span><\/p>\n Neste documento, procuramos apontar algumas chaves que nos permitem compreender esta nova situa\u00e7\u00e3o que a Am\u00e9rica Latina enfrenta nas suas rela\u00e7\u00f5es com as duas grandes pot\u00eancias mundiais e a grande oportunidade para a Uni\u00e3o Europeia dar um passo \u00e0 frente e mostrar-se como a op\u00e7\u00e3o mais v\u00e1lida para uma regi\u00e3o manifestamente “eurocompat\u00edvel”.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=”4.4.8″ src=”https:\/\/ideasbr.llorenteycuenca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/08\/210830_LLYC_IMAGENES_WEB_1.png” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ align=”center” \/][et_pb_image _builder_version=”4.4.8″ src=”https:\/\/ideasbr.llorenteycuenca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/08\/210830_LLYC_IMAGENES_WEB_1.png” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ align=”center” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Destacado” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ background_color=”#e6eef4″ custom_margin=”60px|60px|60px|60px” custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Las potencias y Am\u00e9rica Latina ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Desde o in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo XXI, a China redobrou a sua presen\u00e7a econ\u00f4mica e pol\u00edtica na Am\u00e9rica Latina, sendo observada com crescente preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o pelos Estados Unidos, tradicional aliado da Regi\u00e3o, no seu duplo papel de “amparador e guardi\u00e3o”, dependendo da ocasi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n Nesse sentido, os EUA continuam sendo o maior parceiro comercial da regi\u00e3o, embora a China seja o segundo. De 2002 a 2019, a participa\u00e7\u00e3o dos Estados Unidos no com\u00e9rcio da regi\u00e3o diminuiu, pois deixou de representar o destino de 57% das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es para 43% e, do lado das importa\u00e7\u00f5es, sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o caiu de 46% para 32%. Por\u00e9m, no caso chin\u00eas, a tend\u00eancia tem sido inversa, com crescimento sustentado. Se em 2002 a Am\u00e9rica Latina vendia 2% do total exportado para a China, em 2019 sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o subia para 12%. As importa\u00e7\u00f5es tiveram o mesmo comportamento, j\u00e1 que a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da China nas compras da regi\u00e3o passou de quase 4% para 18% no mesmo per\u00edodo.<\/span><\/p>\n Se a tend\u00eancia foi clara na \u00e1rea do com\u00e9rcio, na \u00e1rea financeira a atividade n\u00e3o foi menor: a China tornou-se o maior credor da Regi\u00e3o. Estima-se que, entre 2005 e 2018, a China emprestou cerca de US $ 150 bilh\u00f5es para a Am\u00e9rica Latina. Um gesto significativo foi em 2009, quando Pequim ingressou no Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID) com uma doa\u00e7\u00e3o de 350 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares. Da mesma forma, os dois bancos internacionais de desenvolvimento chineses – o Banco Asi\u00e1tico de Desenvolvimento de Infraestrutura (BAII), liderado por Pequim, e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (NDB), com sede em Xangai – n\u00e3o pararam de expandir seus poderes na Regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n Um dos elementos que mais chama a aten\u00e7\u00e3o dos analistas \u00e9 a mudan\u00e7a qualitativa na rela\u00e7\u00e3o China-Am\u00e9rica Latina. Embora em seus primeiros passos as a\u00e7\u00f5es chinesas tenham sido voltadas para o aproveitamento de oportunidades comerciais ou alguma opera\u00e7\u00e3o financeira espec\u00edfica, a partir de 2013 tornou-se uma verdadeira Pol\u00edtica de Estado, j\u00e1 que a Am\u00e9rica Latina se enquadra nas regi\u00f5es qualificadas para a \u201cNova Rota da Seda\u201d: a ambiciosa estrat\u00e9gia lan\u00e7ada pelo presidente Xi Jinping para expandir projetos de infraestrutura e investimento em todo o mundo.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c9 nesse contexto que se definem dois setores atrativos para os investimentos chineses na Am\u00e9rica Latina: transporte e energia<\/span>. Como exemplos importantes, destaque o projeto da ferrovia transcontinental chinesa que ligaria a costa do Pac\u00edfico do Peru com a costa Atl\u00e2ntica do Brasil, atrav\u00e9s da Bol\u00edvia. No setor de energia, a presen\u00e7a das estatais chinesas State Grid e Three Gorges n\u00e3o \u00e9 menor em redes de energia, usinas e parques e\u00f3licos no Chile, Brasil, Equador, Bol\u00edvia e Peru.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Destacado” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ 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[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=”4.4.8″ src=”https:\/\/ideasbr.llorenteycuenca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/08\/210830_LLYC_IMAGENES_WEB_2.png” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ align=”center” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”Y Washington, \u00bfqu\u00e9 opina de todo esto?” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” 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z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sob a administra\u00e7\u00e3o Trump, a atitude americana para com seus vizinhos do sul n\u00e3o poderia ter sido mais displicente. \u00c9 a primeira vez, em tempos recentes, que um presidente dos Estados Unidos n\u00e3o aparece a uma C\u00fapula das Am\u00e9ricas, e mais, a \u00fanica visita do presidente Trump \u00e0 regi\u00e3o foi em 2018, no encontro do G-20 em Buenos Aires. Com essa atitude do principal aliado e parceiro da Am\u00e9rica Latina, n\u00e3o deveria ser surpresa que a maioria dos pa\u00edses latino-americanos olhasse para a opini\u00e3o chinesa em busca de financiamento imbat\u00edvel, contratos vantajosos e apoio incondicional.<\/span><\/p>\n Foi a partir da segunda metade do mandato que o governo Trump reagiu de forma mais beligerante, e tanto seu presidente como secret\u00e1rio de Estado, Mike Pompeo, expressaram reiteradamente seu rep\u00fadio \u00e0s atividades chinesas na Am\u00e9rica Latina, elevando o tom das acusa\u00e7\u00f5es e passando a classific\u00e1-las como “atividades econ\u00f4micas predat\u00f3rias” e “a\u00e7\u00f5es vis” na Regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n Foi quase comovente o lan\u00e7amento do programa \u201cAm\u00e9rica Cresce\u201d, iniciativa norte-americana lan\u00e7ada em 2018 na tentativa de neutralizar a Nova Rota da Seda Chinesa, com a presen\u00e7a do US International Development Finance Corp. para promover o investimento privado na Regi\u00e3o e ainda com a presen\u00e7a de Ivanka Trump no Paraguai para lan\u00e7ar ajuda do US Overseas Private Investment Corp.<\/span><\/p>\n Parece que com o governo Biden se manteve a ret\u00f3rica contra a presen\u00e7a chinesa na Am\u00e9rica Latina, embora possamos entender que agora o conhecimento \u00e9 maior: na qualidade de vice-presidente, Biden teve a oportunidade de visitar a Regi\u00e3o 16 vezes, com a consequente cole\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos, alian\u00e7as e acordos que provavelmente mant\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n Em sua recente visita \u00e0 Europa neste ano de 2021, por ocasi\u00e3o da C\u00fapula do G7, o presidente Biden deixou bem claro qual \u00e9 sua principal preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o no cen\u00e1rio internacional neste momento: sem d\u00favida, a China. N\u00e3o \u00e9 surpreendente que o desafio da China tenha sido mencionado 3 vezes no comunicado final do G7 e at\u00e9 mesmo entrado para a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da OTAN a que o presidente dos EUA participou ap\u00f3s a reuni\u00e3o do G7.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Nuevo giro a las relaciones ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n O ano de 2020 pode ser definido como um novo ponto de inflex\u00e3o entre as grandes pot\u00eancias e a Am\u00e9rica Latina. Segundo a Boston University e a ONG americana Inter-American Dialogue, pela primeira vez em 15 anos, a China n\u00e3o concedeu um \u00fanico empr\u00e9stimo a nenhum pa\u00eds latino-americano em 2020. As empresas chinesas, por outro lado, refor\u00e7aram seus investimentos em infraestrutura. principalmente na \u00e1rea de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica e continuou a aumentar a demanda por mat\u00e9rias-primas. Portanto, n\u00e3o parece haver uma verdadeira desacelera\u00e7\u00e3o, uma vez que as rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre as duas regi\u00f5es j\u00e1 s\u00e3o muito pr\u00f3ximas para que ocorram grandes mudan\u00e7as de rumo. No entanto, parece que a China est\u00e1 repensando o investimento direto.<\/span><\/p>\n Esta nova abordagem tamb\u00e9m coincidiu com a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de uma estrat\u00e9gia de expans\u00e3o chinesa muito mais seletiva que se originou em 2017 e come\u00e7ou a ser implementada v\u00e1rios anos depois: a cria\u00e7\u00e3o da Nova Rota da Seda Digital e da Nova Rota da Seda da Sa\u00fade, ambas lideradas por empresas privadas chinesas e que coincidem no tempo com o outro fator transformador, a chegada da pandemia COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n As consequ\u00eancias que a pandemia est\u00e1 tendo na Am\u00e9rica Latina (al\u00e9m do profundo drama humano, a paralisa\u00e7\u00e3o dos projetos, os d\u00e9ficits fiscais, os elevados n\u00edveis de endividamento e a dificuldade de sald\u00e1-los) s\u00e3o verdadeiramente significativas e ainda temos tempo para avaliar. Isso significa que alguns pa\u00edses n\u00e3o conseguiram receber novos empr\u00e9stimos em grande escala. Na verdade, dois dos principais pa\u00edses devedores da China na Am\u00e9rica Latina, Venezuela e Equador, tiveram que reestruturar suas d\u00edvidas nos \u00faltimos anos.<\/span><\/p>\n Pequim n\u00e3o desperdi\u00e7ou a crise da sa\u00fade assumindo um papel maior na Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/span>. Assim que a emerg\u00eancia de sa\u00fade come\u00e7ou, por meio de seu programa Health Silk Road, a China estava cooperando com todos os pa\u00edses da Regi\u00e3o no acesso a m\u00e1scaras e produtos b\u00e1sicos de sa\u00fade. Da mesma forma, sua pr\u00f3pria vacina, a Sinovac, foi oferecida a v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses, como o Chile, onde tem sido uma das vacinas mais utilizadas. \u00c9 “diplomacia vacinal” em toda a sua express\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n E n\u00e3o \u00e9 que os EUA n\u00e3o tenham apoiado a Regi\u00e3o nestes tempos dif\u00edceis, muito pelo contr\u00e1rio. Grandes remessas de vacinas foram enviadas pela Administra\u00e7\u00e3o norte-americana a v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses da Regi\u00e3o, mas, embora por um lado a entrega das vacinas tenha sido muito gradual e, por outro, o foco pol\u00edtico tenha permanecido ancorado no problema da migra\u00e7\u00e3o, as a\u00e7\u00f5es de apoio n\u00e3o parecem t\u00e3o boas quanto as chinesas.<\/span><\/p>\n Porque, n\u00e3o vamos esquecer, aqui continuamos falando sobre influ\u00eancia e como se desenvolve a atividade das superpot\u00eancias neste teatro de opera\u00e7\u00f5es particular. Ao mesmo tempo em que o presidente Trump recusou sua participa\u00e7\u00e3o na C\u00fapula das Am\u00e9ricas, a China inaugurou sua nova base espacial na Argentina, um macroprojeto que mostra o potencial econ\u00f4mico e estrat\u00e9gico desta regi\u00e3o para a China.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Destacado” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” 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custom_padding=”30px|30px|30px|30px”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=”4.4.8″ src=”https:\/\/ideasbr.llorenteycuenca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/08\/210830_LLYC_IMAGENES_WEB_3.png” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ align=”center” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”En b\u00fasqueda del beneficio ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ 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z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Por que tanta presen\u00e7a e esfor\u00e7os de a\u00e7\u00e3o chineses em uma regi\u00e3o t\u00e3o cultural e socialmente distante como a Am\u00e9rica Latina? Sem d\u00favida, a China deseja que sua presen\u00e7a comercial, financeira e cooperativa traga benef\u00edcios pol\u00edticos.<\/span><\/p>\n Temos um exemplo paradigm\u00e1tico: curiosamente nesta parte do mundo, uma s\u00e9rie de pa\u00edses latino-americanos, especificamente 12, n\u00e3o mantinham rela\u00e7\u00f5es formais com a China, pois reconheciam Taiwan como pa\u00eds leg\u00edtimo. Nos \u00faltimos quatro anos, a Rep\u00fablica Dominicana, El Salvador e o Panam\u00e1 mudaram seu reconhecimento de Taiwan para a China. Forjar esse tipo de alian\u00e7a na Am\u00e9rica Latina oferece a Pequim alguns votos muito valiosos na ONU e apoio \u00e0s nomea\u00e7\u00f5es chinesas em institui\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais.<\/span><\/p>\n No entanto, o crescimento espetacular das rela\u00e7\u00f5es comerciais e de investimento entre a China e a Am\u00e9rica Latina e o Caribe ainda n\u00e3o se traduziu em uma expans\u00e3o significativa da influ\u00eancia de Pequim sobre a m\u00eddia e a sociedade civil da regi\u00e3o. A China certamente lan\u00e7ou muitas iniciativas para aumentar sua influ\u00eancia, mas os resultados da ofensiva da China na m\u00eddia, a informa\u00e7\u00e3o e a sociedade civil foram mistos. As perspectivas de Pequim de aumentar seu <\/span>soft power<\/span><\/i> brando na regi\u00e3o ainda n\u00e3o s\u00e3o claras.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”La reacci\u00f3n latinoamericana ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Se h\u00e1 uma express\u00e3o que possa definir a presen\u00e7a da China na Am\u00e9rica Latina, essa express\u00e3o seria “pragmatismo”. A atividade chinesa cobre uma s\u00e9rie de d\u00e9ficits que, at\u00e9 o momento, n\u00e3o foram adequadamente cobertos pela outra superpot\u00eancia, seja por mudan\u00e7a de prioridades, seja por falta de sentido estrat\u00e9gico ou, n\u00e3o podemos negar, por falta de interesse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nesse sentido, a China oferece aos pa\u00edses latino-americanos um espa\u00e7o de com\u00e9rcio, investimento e coopera\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o apenas estatal, mas diretamente vinculado \u00e0s suas universidades, empresas p\u00fablicas e, o que parece mais relevante, \u00e0s pr\u00f3prias prov\u00edncias chinesas. \u00c9 toda uma rede de rela\u00e7\u00f5es em que se destacam o seu sentido pr\u00e1tico e a sua voca\u00e7\u00e3o de perman\u00eancia, numa perspectiva de m\u00e9dio e longo prazo.<\/span><\/p>\n Como os pa\u00edses latino-americanos reagem? Como poderia ser de outra forma: quando voc\u00ea n\u00e3o tem or\u00e7amento para custear sua pr\u00f3pria infraestrutura, aceita-se prontamente um excelente financiamento, investimento que lan\u00e7a um projeto fundamental para a economia de um pa\u00eds ou acesso a milh\u00f5es de vacinas.<\/span><\/p>\n Venezuela, Argentina e Brasil, grandes benefici\u00e1rios dos empr\u00e9stimos chineses, se comportaram da mesma forma, assim como o Chile, diante da generosa compra chinesa de seu cobre, ou do Brasil com seu ferro, ou da Bol\u00edvia com seu estanho ou do Peru com seu ouro e, \u00e9 claro, Venezuela e Equador com seu petr\u00f3leo.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=”4.4.8″ src=”https:\/\/ideasbr.llorenteycuenca.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/08\/210830_LLYC_IMAGENES_WEB_4.png” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″ align=”center” \/][et_pb_text admin_label=”El momento de Europa ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ul_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_vertical_length=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” ol_text_shadow_blur_strength=”ol_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_vertical_length=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” quote_text_shadow_blur_strength=”quote_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_2_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_3_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=”header_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_vertical_tablet=”0px” box_shadow_blur_tablet=”40px” box_shadow_spread_tablet=”0px” vertical_offset_tablet=”0″ horizontal_offset_tablet=”0″ z_index_tablet=”0″]<\/p>\n Parece claro que a China j\u00e1 est\u00e1 na Am\u00e9rica Latina, veio para ficar e temos que contar com esse fator relevante.<\/span><\/p>\n No entanto, da nossa perspectiva, \u00e9 <\/span>este desenho \u201ctriangular\u201d China – LatAm \u2013 EUA que n\u00e3o est\u00e1 sendo suficiente para definirmos o plano geoestrat\u00e9gico na rela\u00e7\u00e3o da Am\u00e9rica Latina com as grandes superpot\u00eancias<\/span>, j\u00e1 que nos faltaria um v\u00e9rtice deste modelo: onde situar a presen\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europeia nesta alternativa \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o de America Latina?<\/span><\/p>\n Seguindo Jos\u00e9 Manuel Albares, em seu momento como Embaixador da Espanha em Paris e hoje Ministro das Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Exteriores da Espanha, a presen\u00e7a da Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia na Am\u00e9rica Latina \u00e9 inevit\u00e1vel e eles s\u00e3o obrigados a se entender porque n\u00e3o h\u00e1 mais zona \u201ceurocompat\u00edvel\u201d do que a Am\u00e9rica Latina. E esta “eurocompatibilidade” n\u00e3o deve ser sustentada apenas por elementos-chave do passado que, evidentemente, desempenham um papel fundamental como uma origem populacional comum ou o uso de l\u00ednguas comuns, tanto o espanhol como o portugu\u00eas, ou uma hist\u00f3ria comum, mas tamb\u00e9m pensando em elementos futuros. Nesse sentido, nos referimos a como a Am\u00e9rica Latina e a Europa enfrentam e entendem o mundo, compartilhando os mesmos valores, as mesmas cren\u00e7as em uma ordem mundial baseada em regras, no multilateralismo, no livre com\u00e9rcio, na resolu\u00e7\u00e3o pac\u00edfica dos conflitos e em muitos outros valores e objetivos que refor\u00e7am a compatibilidade acima mencionada.<\/span><\/p>\n Embora a agenda comum entre latino-americanos e europeus seja mais do que evidente, tradicionalmente a Uni\u00e3o Europeia tem se concentrado em regi\u00f5es onde prevalecem grandes conflitos geoestrat\u00e9gicos e, para melhor ou para pior, na Am\u00e9rica Latina n\u00e3o houve tais conflitos, por isso, o interesse europeu foi um pouco dilu\u00eddo.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c9 surpreendente, neste contexto de rela\u00e7\u00e3o intensa e, sobretudo, de valores e objetivos comuns, que a Uni\u00e3o Europeia n\u00e3o realize as suas c\u00fapulas anuais entre as duas regi\u00f5es, tendo-se realizado a \u00faltima c\u00fapula formal UE-CELAC em 2015, ou at\u00e9 mesmo reuni\u00f5es de acompanhamento de alto n\u00edvel. \u00c9 nessa tend\u00eancia que se enquadra a desacelera\u00e7\u00e3o da ratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo do Mercosul ou a falta de avan\u00e7os na renova\u00e7\u00e3o dos acordos com o M\u00e9xico e o Chile.<\/span><\/p>\n Para a Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, a presen\u00e7a da China na Am\u00e9rica Latina n\u00e3o deve ser motivo de preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas uma oportunidade que tamb\u00e9m contribui para o avan\u00e7o dos povos latino-americanos. No entanto, os europeus ter\u00e3o que decidir quando a China \u00e9 um verdadeiro “parceiro” para confiar e cooperar e quando \u00e9 um “competidor sist\u00eamico” com uma vis\u00e3o diferente da Europa em \u00e1reas como direitos humanos em geral, direitos sociais em particular, respeito para o meio ambiente e outros.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00e3o deveria ser uma op\u00e7\u00e3o: a Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia deveria se voltar para a Am\u00e9rica Latina e ter um papel de destaque em suas rela\u00e7\u00f5es, como de fato ocorre no campo da coopera\u00e7\u00e3o, do investimento e dos acordos entre a UE e os pa\u00edses latino-americanos. Os instrumentos europeus est\u00e3o a\u00ed, prontos a serem utilizados, como a “estrat\u00e9gia de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o avan\u00e7ada”, de acordo com o recente Consenso Europeu sobre o Desenvolvimento, onde se prev\u00ea uma coopera\u00e7\u00e3o para al\u00e9m da ajuda ao desenvolvimento tradicional, centrada na coopera\u00e7\u00e3o com todos os pa\u00edses, n\u00e3o apenas os qualificados, cada um com sua particularidade.<\/span><\/p>\n No entanto, essa n\u00e3o \u00e9 a percep\u00e7\u00e3o dos latino-americanos. A atividade das Delega\u00e7\u00f5es da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia nas principais capitais da Am\u00e9rica Latina \u00e9 amplamente desconhecida a n\u00edvel geral e mesmo pelas pr\u00f3prias elites dirigentes. Um impulso de posicionamento, de presen\u00e7a, de contar o que se faz, pois o que se faz \u00e9 muito e em muitos campos, ajudaria a visualizar uma Uni\u00e3o Europeia pr\u00f3xima e sens\u00edvel \u00e0s necessidades da Regi\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n Hoje, mais do que nunca, a Uni\u00e3o Europeia tem o seu lugar na Am\u00e9rica Latina, contribuindo com a sua credibilidade e confian\u00e7a, mostrando a sua experi\u00eancia de coes\u00e3o social e a sua capacidade de influenciar as mudan\u00e7as pol\u00edticas, algumas de car\u00e1cter constitutivo, que se v\u00e3o desenrolando nestes momentos no seio das sociedades latino-americanas. <\/span><\/p>\n Nestes momentos de tribula\u00e7\u00e3o na Am\u00e9rica Latina, \u00e9 o momento certo para seu parceiro hist\u00f3rico no Ocidente, com quem forma uma equipe de valores e objetivos, dar um passo \u00e0 frente e se tornar uma alternativa real \u00e0 bipolaridade. Ser\u00e1 a \u201cterceira via\u201d, a europeia, a escolhida pelos latino-americanos.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Destacado” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ 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inner_width=”auto” inner_max_width=”none”][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ custom_padding__hover=”|||” custom_padding=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”INTRO ” _builder_version=”4.4.8″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_vertical_length=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” text_text_shadow_blur_strength=”text_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” link_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_vertical_length=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=”0px” link_text_shadow_blur_strength=”link_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93″ link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length=”ul_text_shadow_style,%91object 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quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”1px” […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":60704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"class_list":["post-60702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ideas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cO objetivo destas superpot\u00eancias foi e continua sendo o mesmo, a procura de influ\u00eancia\u201d<\/h2>\n
As pot\u00eancias e a Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/b><\/h2>\n
\u201c\u00c9 nesse contexto que se definem dois setores atrativos para os investimentos chineses na Am\u00e9rica Latina: transporte e energia\u201d<\/h2>\n
E Washington, o que voc\u00ea acha de tudo isso?<\/b><\/h3>\n
Nova reviravolta nos relacionamentos<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u201cPequim n\u00e3o desperdi\u00e7ou a crise da sa\u00fade assumindo um papel maior na Am\u00e9rica Latina\u201d<\/h2>\n
Em busca de benef\u00edcio<\/b><\/h3>\n
A rea\u00e7\u00e3o latino-americana<\/b><\/h3>\n
O momento da Europa<\/b><\/h2>\n
\u201cEste desenho ‘triangular’ China – LatAm \u2013 EUA que n\u00e3o est\u00e1 sendo suficiente para definirmos o plano geoestrat\u00e9gico na rela\u00e7\u00e3o da Am\u00e9rica Latina com as grandes superpot\u00eancias\u201d<\/h2>\n